Moving toward Net Zero Carbon Buildings to Face Global Warming: A Narrative Review

The increase in global surface temperatures will surpass the 2 °C target set by Paris Agreement unless carbon emissions are lowered to zero 2050. To date, building sector is responsible for 38% of all emissions, thus one main targets represented development strategies that can facilitate transition toward carbon-neutral buildings. today nearly energy buildings (nZEBs), (ZEBs)/net (NZEBs) and net (NZCBs). Particularly, NZCBs completely operational embodied during their life cycles, fulfilling leadership role decarbonization construction sector. Moreover, adopting European Standard EN 15978:2011, be precisely classified enhance aimed at reducing them. Commercial viability remains a fundamental economic driver, but higher initial capital costs hinder NZCBs. In addition, legislative, socio-cultural, technological, professional geographical barriers hold back its diffusion. met four-steps program: reduction, renewable supply offset storage. Circular economy principles strictly connected design disassembly adaptability reduce carbon, while passive solar geothermal production satisfy demand building. aim this narrative review determine describe which current state art NZCB definition, drivers application broader context eligible meet ambitious goal emissions.